英语中最常见的逻辑关系有哪些

托福阅读当中考查长难句的题型是句子简化题和句子插入题目，托福阅读考试一篇只有20分钟的时间。在这20分钟当中要完成14道题目，对于语法基础并不是很好的学生，会花费非常多的时间。对于这样的题目，如果学会迅速抓住句子之间内在的逻辑关系也是会非常快的做对题目，那下面我们就来总结一下，托福阅读当中常见的逻辑关系都有哪些?

1. 否定

明显： no, not, none, neither, never, deny

隐含： fail to, absence from, lack of, refuse to, little, few

否定前缀： a-, ab-, anti-, counter-, de-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-…

否定后缀： -less, free-, proof-

2. 并列

and/or, like, likewise, equally, the same as, same/similar to, in the same way

both…and…, neither…nor… as well as, not only…but also…/vice versa

3. 因果

明显：because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so…that…, therefore, thus,

hence.

隐含：导致：in as much as, cause, lead to, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive,

prompt, be responsible to

由于： derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from

on account of, in view of, according to, rely on, depend on

4. 条件

明显： if, unless, as long as, in case that/of

隐含： suppose/supposing that, providing/provided that, on condition that，

except when=unless

5. 比较

明显： 比较级，最高级+than

隐含： 最高意义：maximum, favorite, outstanding, top

6. 转折

明显：but, yet, however, though, although, even if, even though, while, whereas,

nevertheless, despite, in spite of, instead, in contrast, contrast to

on the contrary, different from, differ from, conversely

隐含： for all;倒装+as;even+时间(even when)但不重要

超隐含： 时间，空间，事物对比

PREFIX

1.a-:of;on;intensive;negative,not,without;ad-；ab-.

2.ab-:away from,off.

3. ad-:to;at;for.

4. aer(o)- :relating to air .

5.al-:all.

6.ambi-:on both sides,around.

7.amphi-:on both sides,around.

8.an-:negative,not,without.

9.ana-:upon,up,on.

10.ante-:before.

11.anti-:against.

12.arch-:chief,first .

13.astro- :relating to stars .(planets \space )

14.aqu(a)-:relating to water.

15.audi (o)-:relating to sound and hearing .

16.auto-:self,without help .

17.be-:to make;to cover with;upon;by;intensive.

18.bene-:well,good.

19.bi-:double,two.

20.bio- :relating to life and living things .

21.by-:less important ;near .

22.cata-:down,downwoards.

23.cent(i)-:hundred ,hundredth .

24.circum-:around,round about.

25.con-:together with,wholly.

26.contra-:against,opposit.(contro-,counter-)

27.cross-:through;across;many.

28.de-:down,downward;apart;negative;intensive.

29.deca-:ten.

30.deci- :tenth .

31.demi-:half.

32.di-:double,twice.

33.dia-:through,between,across.

34.dich(o)-:two.

35.dis-:apart; negative;intensive.

36.duo-:two,double.(du-,dou-,do-)

37.dys-:badly,ill.

38.en-:to make;to put in(on \around ).

39.epi-:upon.

40.eu-:well.

41.ever-:more and more,always.

42.ex-:out,outward;beyond;former.

43.extra-:beyond.

44.for-:away from.

45.fore-:before.

46.forth-:towards.

47.geo- :relating to earth .

48.hecto-:hundred.

49.hemi-:half.

50.hetero-:other,different.

51.hexa-:six.

52.homo-:same.

53.hyper-:above,beyond.

54.hypo-:under.

55.hydr(o)-:relating to water or hydrogen.

56.in-:into;negative,not,without.

57. infr(a)-:under,after.

58. inter-:between,among.(enter-,intel-)

59. intr-:within,inward.

60. iso-:equal,same.

61. kilo-:thousand.

62. macro-:large,long.

63. mal(e)-:badly,ill.

64.matr(i)-:relating to woman.

65. mega-:large,strong,million.

66. meta-:above;behind;of change.

67. micro-:small.

68.mid- :middle .

69. milli-:thousand,thousandth.

70.mini-:small.

71. mis-:wrong(ly),bad(ly),ill.

72.mono-:single,sole,alone.

73.mult(i)-:many,much.

74.ne-:negative,not,without.

75.neo-:new.

76.non-:not.

77.ob-:against;towards;intensive.

78.octa-:eight,eighth.(octo-)

79.omni-:all.

80.out-:out,outward;beyond.〔超越、胜过〕

81.over-:above;beyond;upside-down.〔过度,颠倒〕

82.paleo-:ancient.

83.pan(to)-:all.

84.para-: like;beside;beyond; against(抗、防)

85.pen-:almost.

86.penta-:five.

87.per-:through,thoroughly,away.

88.peri-:around,round about.

89.photo- :relating to light .

90.poly-:many.

91.post-:after,behind.

92.pre-:before.

93.pro-:in favor of ;in public;in place of;before,

forward.

94.prot(o)-:chief,first.

95.pseudo-:false.

96.psycho- :relating to the mind .

97.quadr(i)-:four.

98.qat(e)r-:four.

99.quasi-:like;partly.〔类似的、部分的、准的〕

100.quint-:five.（quinque-）

101.re-:again,back.

102.retr(o)-:backward.[向后、追溯、归还]

103.se-:apart,away.

104.semi-:half;partly.

105.sept-:seven.

106.sex-:six.

107.step-:orphaned.〔后、继〕

108.sub-:under.[分、支，次、亚]

109.super-:above,over.(sove-,sop-,sur-)

110.syn-:together,with,same.

112.tele-:far away.

113.tetra-:four.

114.trans-:across;change.(tra-,tran-,tres-)

115.tri-:three,threefold.

116.twi-:two.

117.ultra-:beyond.

118.un-:not;the reversal of an action〔相反的动作〕。

119.under-:under,beneath.

120.un(i)-:one.〔统一〕

121.up-:up,aloft.

122.vice-:in place of.〔代替、代理、副的〕

123.with-:against,backward.

SUFFIX

1.-aholic:┅┅对上瘾的人；┅┅狂。（-oholic）

2.-eer:┅┅专家，从事┅┅职业的人

3. -esque:风格，式样。

4. -ette: small小。

5. -fold:times倍，重。

6.-like:像的，相同的。

7.-logy :the science or study of

8.-let:small小

9.-most: most 最

10.-mania:┅┅癖，┅┅欲。

11.-phile:爱好……的人,……爱好者。

12.-philia:爱好，崇拜

13.-phobia :恐惧，憎恶

14.-ship : ①处于……状态

②技巧，技艺

15.-some: ①造成……的，产生……的

②一双，一对

16.-ster :从事……的人，……类型的人

17.-wise \-ways: ①以……方式，向……方向